2020-33 - Analysis of double h1 impact on search result

Context

Investigate how other are influencing their search result in google search engine and find how we can apply it on our pages in an optimal way to get similar results. This documents mainly focus on the technicality aspect on how it was achieved essentially through semantic HTML and RDF. This research is also to support a new design pattern developed by CRA for page grouping.

In parallel with this research, an UX research is currently ongoing independently by the Web Accessibility Working Group to evaluate the impact of having multiple heading level 1 on a single page for user that consume the information with an assistive technology.

It is possible to have multiple heading level 1 in a single page as per the HTML 5 specification where some particularities might apply. The new outline algorithm described by the HTML specification are not fully implemented and still have unresolved questions/concern. See the discussion in GCWeb issue #1627.

Expected results (as January 23)

Design pattern

A page that contain two h1, where the combination of both is unique, one of them identify a sub-group of pages about one service and the other identify the task, like “Apply”, which are unique to for sub-group but might be re-used in other set of pages for other services.

Recommendation of @duboisp

Early recommendation (might require further testing and research)

Todo

Use case

Use Case 1 - Sub-links - UK - Travel advisory

Observation of @duboisp:

Use Case 2 - People also ask - UK - Travel advisory

Use Case 3 - Sub-links - Canadian EI maternity benefits

Use Case 4 - First link - uk child benefit

Use Case 5 - People also ask - uk child benefit

Use Case 6 - Full block of content in search result

Documents

Document 1 - Google search - uk travel advisory turkey

Google search result visual:

Google search result where uk result is first

Document 2 - Pages - Turkey travel advice

Technical Review Notes of @duboisp

General

Structure data:

Accessibility (WCAG):

Print page:

Atom:

Details and structure

Note: Documents outline (heading) and document sectioning outline are calculated based on the current live DOM, after the page load and Javascript has ran.

Document outline (Heading):

Document sectioning outline (body):

Document structure data outline (JSON-LD only)

HTML meta elements

Code sample

h01

<p class="gem-c-title__context">
      Foreign travel advice
    </p>
  <h1 class="gem-c-title__text ">
    Turkey
  </h1>

h03

    <h1 class="part-title">
      Summary
    </h1>

First json-ld script tag

{
	"@context":"http://schema.org",
	"@type":"Article",
	"mainEntityOfPage":{
		"@type":"WebPage",
		"@id":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey"
	},
	"headline":"Turkey travel advice",
	"datePublished":"2013-03-20T00:00:00.000+00:00",
	"dateModified":"2020-02-05T17:20:54.000+00:00",
	"description":"Latest travel advice for Turkey including safety and security, entry requirements, travel warnings and health",
	"publisher":{
		"@type":"Organization",
		"name":"GOV.UK",
		"url":"https://www.gov.uk",
		"logo":{
			"@type":"ImageObject",
			"url":"https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government-frontend/govuk_publishing_components/govuk-logo-e5962881254c9adb48f94d2f627d3bb67f258a6cbccc969e80abb7bbe4622976.png"
		}
	},
	"image":[
		"https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5d08da2340f0b620109f08c6/190618_Turkey_jpeg.jpg"
	],
	"author":{
		"@type":"Organization",
		"name":"Foreign \u0026 Commonwealth Office",
		"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/foreign-commonwealth-office"
	},
	"about":[
		{
			"@context":"http://schema.org",
			"@type":"Thing",
			"sameAs":"https://www.gov.uk/world/living-in-turkey"
		},
		{
			"@context":"http://schema.org",
			"@type":"Thing",
			"sameAs":"https://www.gov.uk/world/travelling-to-turkey"
		}
	],
	"articleBody":"\u003cp\u003eThe Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) advise against all travel to areas within 10 km of the border with Syria, except the city of Kilis (see below).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe FCO advise against all but essential travel to:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eall other areas of Sirnak, Kilis (including Kilis city) and Hatay provinces\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ethe provinces of Diyarbakir, Tunceli and Hakkari\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor more information, see \u003ca href=\"/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/safety-and-security\"\u003eLocal travel\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/terrorism\"\u003eTerrorism\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBritish nationals made over 2.3 million visits to Turkey in 2018. Most visits are trouble free. Be alert to your surroundings and remain vigilant in crowded places popular with foreign nationals, including during festival periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA Pegasus Airlines domestic flight from Izmir crashed on landing at Istanbul’s Sabiha Gökçen International Airport on 5 February. The airport has been closed. If you’re due to travel to or from Sabiha Gökçen airport, you should check with your airline for updates before travelling to your departure airport.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA 6.8 magnitude earthquake hit Elazig and neighbouring provinces in the east of Turkey on the evening of 24 January, causing damage to local buildings and a number of fatalities.  A number of aftershocks have also been reported.  A disaster response is underway. You should avoid the immediate vicinity, and follow the advice of local authorities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the death of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani in a US strike in Baghdad on 3 January, the incident has led to increased tensions in the region. There is a possibility of an increased threat against Western interests and the security situation could worsen with little warning. You should remain vigilant and keep up to date with the latest developments, including via the media and \u003ca href=\"/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/email-signup\"\u003ethis travel advice\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey is conducting a military operation in north-eastern Syria. This has led to heightened tensions in border regions, including cross-border rocket and mortar attacks into Turkey, close to the border. If you’re in provinces bordering Syria, you should remain extremely vigilant and keep up to date with developments via local media and this travel advice. See \u003ca href=\"/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/safety-and-security#syrian-border\"\u003eSyrian border\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany parts of Turkey are subject to earthquakes. You should familiarise yourself with safety procedures in the event of an earthquake and follow the advice of the local authorities. See \u003ca href=\"/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/natural-disasters\"\u003eNatural disasters\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe situation has calmed following an attempted coup in July 2016. A state of emergency imposed after the coup attempt has been lifted, although some restrictions remain in place. See \u003ca href=\"/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/safety-and-security#political-situation\"\u003ePolitical situation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTerrorists are very likely to try to carry out attacks in Turkey. Terrorist groups, including Kurdish groups, Daesh (formerly referred to as ISIL) and far left organisations, continue to plan and carry out attacks. Further attacks could be indiscriminate. Most attacks have taken place in the south-east of the country, and in Ankara and Istanbul. While there is a potential that citizens from western countries may be targets or caught up in attacks, particularly in the major cities, attacks are most likely to target the Turkish state, civilians and demonstrations. You should be vigilant, follow the advice of local security authorities, monitor media reports and keep up to date with this travel advice. See \u003ca href=\"/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/terrorism\"\u003eTerrorism\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s illegal to be a member or supporter of a terrorist organisation in Turkey, including expressions of support on social media. Some organisations in the region though not proscribed in the UK, such as the YPG and the Gülen Movement are illegal in Turkey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBritish nationals need a visa to travel to Turkey, except for some cruise ship passengers arriving at sea ports for visits of up to 72 hours. If you’re visiting Turkey as a tourist or on business, get an \u003ca rel=\"external\" href=\"https://www.evisa.gov.tr/\"\u003ee-Visa\u003c/a\u003e online before you travel. Make sure you use the official e-Visa website so you get a genuine visa without paying additional fees. See \u003ca href=\"/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/entry-requirements#visas\"\u003eVisas\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou should carry your passport and a printed copy of your e-visa (if applicable) or residence permit at all times. In some busy areas, especially Istanbul, the Turkish authorities are stopping members of the public to conduct ID checks. See \u003ca href=\"/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/local-laws-and-customs\"\u003eLocal laws and customs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere have been reports of an increase in holidaymakers being encouraged to submit a claim for personal injury if they have experienced gastric illness during their stay. You can find more information about the action you can take if you have suffered a personal injury on the \u003ca rel=\"external\" href=\"https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/law-and-courts/legal-system/personal-injury/personal-injuries/\"\u003eCitizens Advice website\u003c/a\u003e. You should only consider pursuing a complaint or claim if you have genuinely suffered from injury or illness. If you make a false or fraudulent claim, you may face legal proceedings in the UK or Turkey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou can contact the emergency services by calling 155 (police), 112 (ambulance) and 110 (fire).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you’re abroad and you need emergency help from the UK government, contact the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/world/embassies\"\u003enearest British embassy, consulate or high commission\u003c/a\u003e. Consular support is severely limited in parts of Turkey where the FCO advise against travel, and limited in the areas where the FCO advise against all but essential travel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTake out comprehensive \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-insurance\"\u003etravel and medical insurance\u003c/a\u003e before you travel.\u003c/p\u003e\n"
}

Second json-ld script tag

{
	"@context":"http://schema.org",
	"@type":"BreadcrumbList",
	"itemListElement":[
		{
			"@type":"ListItem",
			"position":1,
			"item":{
				"name":"Home","@id":"https://www.gov.uk/"
			}
		},
		{
			"@type":"ListItem",
			"position":2,
			"item":{
				"name":"Passports, travel and living abroad",
				"@id":"https://www.gov.uk/browse/abroad"
			}
		},
		{
			"@type":"ListItem",
			"position":3,
			"item":{
				"name":"Travel abroad",
				"@id":"https://www.gov.uk/browse/abroad/travel-abroad"
			}
		},
		{
			"@type":"ListItem",
			"position":4,
			"item":{
				"name":"Foreign travel advice",
				"@id":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice"
			}
		}
	]
}

Document 3 - Google search - UK travel advisory

Google search result visual:

Google search result where uk result is first

Document 4 - Page - Foreign travel advice

Technical notes of @duboisp

General

Structure data:

Accessibility (WCAG):

Atom:

Details and structure

Note: Documents outline (heading) and document sectioning outline are calculated based on the current live DOM, after the page load and Javascript has ran.

Document outline (Heading):

Document sectioning outline (body):

Document structure data outline

HTML meta elements

Document 5 - Google search - UK turkey travel

Google search result visual:

Google search result where uk result is first

Document 6 - Entry requirements

Document 7 - Terrorism

Document 8 - Travel advice help and support

Document 9 - Health

Document 10 - Safety and security

Document 11 - Local laws and customs

Document 12 - Is it safe to travel to Turkey from UK?

Document 13 - Is it safe to holiday in Turkey at the moment?

Document 14 - Is it safe to travel to Turkey now 2019?

Document 15 - What is the travel advice for Turkey?

Document 16 - Which is the best month to visit Turkey?

Document 17 – Google search - EI maternity benefits

Google search result visual:

Google search result where uk result is first

Document 18 - EI maternity and parental benefits

Document 19 - EI maternity - 4. Apply

Document 20 - EI maternity - 5. After you apply

Document 21 - EI maternity - EI maternity and parental

Document 22 - EI maternity - Special circumstances

Document 23 - EI maternity - 3. How much you could receive

Document 24 - Google search - uk child benefit

Google search result visual:

Google search result where uk result is first

Document 25 - Child Benefit - Entitledto

Document 26 - Claim Child Benefit

Quick technical note

Document 27 - Claim Child Benefit - What you’ll get

Quick technical note

Document 28 - USA travel advice - GOV.UK